Arduino 开发的 CH32V307 IIS 音频输出测试

这次介绍的是如何在 CH32V307上通过 Arduino 编程，从 IIS 接口输出一个正弦波然后通过 NS4168 播放出来。关于 NS4168的介绍，可以在【参考1】看到。

线路方面：

B12（I2S2_WS）连接到 LRCLK

B13（I2S2_CK） 连接到 BCKL

B15（I2S2_SD）连接到  SDAT

 同时特别提醒 NS4168 的CTRL 需要连接 3.3V

之后，给 Ch32v307烧录如下代码：

//#include "ch32v30x_spi.h"
/* Global Variable */
#define  Len    48*16*2
u16 I2S2_Tx[Len] = {
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-23115,-23115,-25934,-25934,-29150,-29150,-32709,-32709,28987,28987,24931,24931,20729,20729,16453,16453,12176,12176,7970,7970,3909,3909,60,60,-3507,-3507,-6736,-6736,-9569,-9569,-11958,-11958,-13862,-13862,-15248,-15248,-16094,-16094,-16383,-16383,-16112,-16112,-15285,-15285,-13916,-13916,-12029,-12029,-9656,-9656,-6837,-6837,-3621,-3621,-62,-62,3777,3777,7832,7832,12034,12034,16310,16310,
20588,20588,24793,24793,28855,28855,32703,32703,-29264,-29264,-26035,-26035,-23202,-23202,-20812,-20812,-18908,-18908,-17521,-17521,-16675,-16675,-16385,-16385,-16656,-16656,-17483,-17483,-18851,-18851,-20738,-20738,-23111,-23111,-25930,-25930,-29145,-29145,-32704,-32704,28993,28993,24937,24937,20735,20735,16459,16459,12182,12182,7976,7976,3914,3914,66,66,-3503,-3503,-6732,-6732,-9565,-9565,-11955,-11955,
-13859,-13859,-15247,-15247,-16093,-16093,-16383,-16383,-16113,-16113,-15287,-15287,-13919,-13919,-12032,-12032,-9659,-9659,-6841,-6841,-3625,-3625,-67,-67,3771,3771,7826,7826,12028,12028,16304,16304,20582,20582,24788,24788,28850,28850,32698,32698,-29268,-29268,-26039,-26039,-23205,-23205,-20815,-20815,-18910,-18910,-17523,-17523,-16676,-16676,-16385,-16385,-16655,-16655,-17481,-17481,-18849,-18849,-20735,-20735,
-23107,-23107,-25925,-25925,-29141,-29141,-32698,-32698,28998,28998,24943,24943,20741,20741,16465,16465,12188,12188,7982,7982,3920,3920,71,71,-3498,-3498,-6727,-6727,-9561,-9561,-11952,-11952,-13857,-13857,-15245,-15245,-16092,-16092,-16383,-16383,-16114,-16114,-15288,-15288,-13921,-13921,-12035,-12035,-9663,-9663,-6845,-6845,-3630,-3630,-73,-73,3766,3766,7821,7821,12022,12022,16298,16298,
20576,20576,24782,24782,28844,28844,32693,32693,-29273,-29273,-26043,-26043,-23209,-23209,-20818,-20818,-18913,-18913,-17524,-17524,-16677,-16677,-16385,-16385,-16654,-16654,-17479,-17479,-18846,-18846,-20732,-20732,-23104,-23104,-25921,-25921,-29136,-29136,-32693,-32693,29004,29004,24949,24949,20747,20747,16471,16471,12194,12194,7988,7988,3925,3925,76,76,-3493,-3493,-6723,-6723,-9558,-9558,-11949,-11949,
-13855,-13855,-15243,-15243,-16091,-16091,-16383,-16383,-16115,-16115,-15290,-15290,-13923,-13923,-12038,-12038,-9667,-9667,-6850,-6850,-3635,-3635,-78,-78,3760,3760,7815,7815,12016,12016,16292,16292,20570,20570,24776,24776,28838,28838,32688,32688,-29278,-29278,-26048,-26048,-23213,-23213,-20821,-20821,-18915,-18915,-17526,-17526,-16678,-16678,-16385,-16385,-16654,-16654,-17478,-17478,-18844,-18844,-20729,-20729,
-23100,-23100,-25917,-25917,-29131,-29131,-32688,-32688,29009,29009,24955,24955,20753,20753,16477,16477,12200,12200,7994,7994,3931,3931,82,82,-3488,-3488,-6719,-6719,-9554,-9554,-11946,-11946,-13852,-13852,-15242,-15242,-16090,-16090,-16383,-16383,-16115,-16115,-15291,-15291,-13926,-13926,-12041,-12041,-9670,-9670,-6854,-6854,-3640,-3640,-83,-83,3754,3754,7809,7809,12010,12010,
};

//#define  Len    10

//u16 I2S2_Tx[Len] = { 0x1111, 0x2222, 0x3333, 0x4444, 0x5555, 0x6666, 0x7777, 0x8888, 0x9999, 0xAAAA };

/*********************************************************************
 * @fn      I2S2_Init
 *
 * @brief   Init I2S2
 *
 * @return  none
 */
void I2S2_Init(void)
{
    GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure={0};
    I2S_InitTypeDef  I2S_InitStructure={0};

    RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_SPI2, ENABLE);
    RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOC, ENABLE);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_12 | GPIO_Pin_13 | GPIO_Pin_15;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_6;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
    GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
    GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure);

    I2S_InitStructure.I2S_Mode = I2S_Mode_MasterTx;
    I2S_InitStructure.I2S_Standard = I2S_Standard_Phillips;
    I2S_InitStructure.I2S_DataFormat = I2S_DataFormat_16b;
    I2S_InitStructure.I2S_MCLKOutput = I2S_MCLKOutput_Enable;//I2S_MCLKOutput_Disable;
    I2S_InitStructure.I2S_AudioFreq = I2S_AudioFreq_48k;
    I2S_InitStructure.I2S_CPOL = I2S_CPOL_High;
    I2S_Init(SPI2, &I2S_InitStructure);

    SPI_I2S_DMACmd( SPI2, SPI_I2S_DMAReq_Tx, ENABLE );
    I2S_Cmd(SPI2, ENABLE);
}

/*********************************************************************
 * @fn      DMA_Tx_Init
 *
 * @brief   Initializes the DMAy Channelx configuration.
 *
 * @param   DMA_CHx - x can be 1 to 7.
 *          ppadr - Peripheral base address.
 *          memadr - Memory base address.
 *          bufsize - DMA channel buffer size.
 *
 * @return  none
 */
void DMA_Tx_Init( DMA_Channel_TypeDef* DMA_CHx, u32 ppadr, u32 memadr, u16 bufsize)
{
    DMA_InitTypeDef DMA_InitStructure={0};

    RCC_AHBPeriphClockCmd( RCC_AHBPeriph_DMA1, ENABLE );

    DMA_DeInit(DMA_CHx);

    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralBaseAddr = ppadr;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryBaseAddr = memadr;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_DIR = DMA_DIR_PeripheralDST;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_BufferSize = bufsize;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralInc = DMA_PeripheralInc_Disable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryInc = DMA_MemoryInc_Enable;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_PeripheralDataSize = DMA_PeripheralDataSize_HalfWord;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_MemoryDataSize = DMA_MemoryDataSize_HalfWord;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Mode = DMA_Mode_Normal;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_Priority = DMA_Priority_High;
    DMA_InitStructure.DMA_M2M = DMA_M2M_Disable;
    DMA_Init( DMA_CHx, &DMA_InitStructure );
}

void setup() {
    SPI_I2S_DeInit(SPI2);

    I2S2_Init();


}

void loop() {
    DMA_Tx_Init( DMA1_Channel5, (u32)&SPI2->DATAR, (u32)I2S2_Tx, Len);  
    DMA_Cmd( DMA1_Channel5, ENABLE );
    while( (!DMA_GetFlagStatus(DMA1_FLAG_TC5))){};
    DMA_Cmd( DMA2_Channel1, DISABLE );
}

即可工作。
I2S2_Tx 里面定义的是一个正弦波数据，通过如下C# 代码生成：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;


namespace SinAudio
{
    class Program
    {
        public const int LOOPS = 16;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            double sin,cos;
            for (int i = 0; i < LOOPS * 48; i++) {
                sin = (0.5 + Math.Sin(i * 2 * 3.1415 / 48))* 65535/2;
                //cos = (0.5 + Math.Cos(i * 2 * 3.1415 / 48)) * 65535 / 2;
                Console.Write("{0},{1},", (Int16)sin, (Int16)sin);// (Int16)() * );
                if (i % 32 == 0) {
                    Console.WriteLine("");
                }
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

数据可以看成是 48K 16Bits 采样结果，数据是int16 (负数使用补码形式表示)

工作的测试视频如下：

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Yi421m7n8/?share_source=copy_web&vd_source=5ca375392c3dd819bfc37d4672cb6d54

WordPress 标题中文检测工具

因为设置上的原因，Wordpress 最好不要使用中文作为标题。我的网站设置上支持中文标题，但是因为更换服务器的缘故，中文标题的文章又出现了无法访问的问题。于是，编写一个工具扫描网站上的所有文章，通过检查标题的 url 是否带有“%”来判断是否有中文。

扫描全部页面的方式是通过扫描全部日期归档链接实现的，类似”https://www.lab-z.com/2022/03/”,发送 http 请求之后会对返回的结果进行分析，取出其中的 http://www.lab-z.com/ 为开头的 URL，然后进行检测，如果其中带有 “%”，那么就是带有汉字了。然后就可以根据指示在 WordPress 中手工进行修改。

代码比较简单，有兴趣的可以试试。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

namespace WordPressUrlChecker
{
    class Program
    {
        private static readonly HttpClient client = new HttpClient();
        // 定义并初始化一个字符串列表
        private static List<string> UrlToCheck = new List<string> {
                "https://www.lab-z.com/2024/04/",
                // 全部日期
         "https://www.lab-z.com/2005/10/"
        };

        static async Task Main(string[] args)
        {
            string url = "https://www.lab-z.com/";
            //Console.WriteLine(responseBody);
            //string pattern = @"(http|https)://([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]+(/[\w- ./?%&=]*)?";
            //https://www.lab-z.com/2006/05/
            string pattern = @"https://www\.lab-z\.com/[^\s]*";

            foreach (string uString in UrlToCheck) {
                Console.WriteLine("Checking in "+uString.ToString());
                string responseBody = await GetRequest(uString);
                MatchCollection matches = Regex.Matches(responseBody, pattern);
                foreach (Match match in matches)
                {
                    string getUrl = match.Value;
                    // 如果字符串中带有 " 那么就截取它之前的所有字符串
                    if (getUrl.IndexOf('\"')!=-1) {
                        getUrl= getUrl.Substring(0, getUrl.IndexOf('\"'));
                        //Console.WriteLine(getUrl);
                    }
                    
                    if (ContainsChinese(getUrl))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(getUrl);
                    }
                    
                }
            }
            /*
           
            */

            Console.ReadLine();
        }

        // 发送 HTTP 请求并且得到服务器返回
        static async Task<string> GetRequest(string url)
        {
            HttpResponseMessage response = await client.GetAsync(url);
            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
            string responseBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            return responseBody;
        }

        // 检查字符串是否含有汉字
        static bool ContainsChinese(string input)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < input.Length; i++)
            {
                if (input[i] == '%')
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }


    }
}

CH32V305 模拟 Ch372的例子

前面介绍过如何使用 Arduino 环境进行 Ch32V305 的开发，这次带来的是一个 CH32V305 Arduino 实现模拟 Ch372的例子，参考的是 Ch32v307EVT 中的HS Device的代码。根据Exam中的CH32V30x_List.txt描述，这个CH372例子是模拟自定义USB设备（CH372设备），端点1，3下传，2，4上传，端点1下传的数据从端点3上传，不取反，端点2下传的数据从端点4上传，取反。但是，应该是描述存在错误，实际代码不是这样。

首先，改造代码，然后烧写到板子上。使用 USBView 查看，端点1 有一个 OUT 和 IN; 端点3是OUT,端点4是 IN, 端点5是OUT, 端点6是IN.

          ===>Endpoint Descriptor&lt;===
bLength:                           0x07
bDescriptorType:                   0x05
bEndpointAddress:                  0x01  -> Direction: OUT - EndpointID: 1
bmAttributes:                      0x02  -> Bulk Transfer Type
wMaxPacketSize:                  0x0200 = 0x200 max bytes
bInterval:                         0x00

          ===>Endpoint Descriptor&lt;===
bLength:                           0x07
bDescriptorType:                   0x05
bEndpointAddress:                  0x81  -> Direction: IN - EndpointID: 1
bmAttributes:                      0x02  -> Bulk Transfer Type
wMaxPacketSize:                  0x0200 = 0x200 max bytes
bInterval:                         0x00

          ===>Endpoint Descriptor&lt;===
bLength:                           0x07
bDescriptorType:                   0x05
bEndpointAddress:                  0x03  -> Direction: OUT - EndpointID: 3
bmAttributes:                      0x02  -> Bulk Transfer Type
wMaxPacketSize:                  0x0200 = 0x200 max bytes
bInterval:                         0x00

          ===>Endpoint Descriptor&lt;===
bLength:                           0x07
bDescriptorType:                   0x05
bEndpointAddress:                  0x84  -> Direction: IN - EndpointID: 4
bmAttributes:                      0x02  -> Bulk Transfer Type
wMaxPacketSize:                  0x0200 = 0x200 max bytes
bInterval:                         0x00

          ===>Endpoint Descriptor&lt;===
bLength:                           0x07
bDescriptorType:                   0x05
bEndpointAddress:                  0x05  -> Direction: OUT - EndpointID: 5
bmAttributes:                      0x02  -> Bulk Transfer Type
wMaxPacketSize:                  0x0200 = 0x200 max bytes
bInterval:                         0x00

          ===>Endpoint Descriptor&lt;===
bLength:                           0x07
bDescriptorType:                   0x05
bEndpointAddress:                  0x86  -> Direction: IN - EndpointID: 6
bmAttributes:                      0x02  -> Bulk Transfer Type
wMaxPacketSize:                  0x0200 = 0x200 max bytes
bInterval:                         0x00

对应处理的代码在 ch32v30x_usbhs_device.c 文件中。下面对代码进行研读。

代码中Ch32端点1 OUT 收到的数据直接放到端点1 IN中。

                    /* end-point 1 data out interrupt */
                    case USBHS_UIS_TOKEN_OUT | DEF_UEP1:
                        if ( intst &amp; USBHS_UIS_TOG_OK )
                        {
                            /* Write In Buffer */
                            USBHSD->UEP1_RX_CTRL ^= USBHS_UEP_R_TOG_DATA1;
                            RingBuffer_Comm.PackLen[RingBuffer_Comm.LoadPtr] = USBHSD->RX_LEN;
                            RingBuffer_Comm.LoadPtr ++;
                            if(RingBuffer_Comm.LoadPtr == DEF_Ring_Buffer_Max_Blks)
                            {
                                RingBuffer_Comm.LoadPtr = 0;
                            }
                            USBHSD->UEP1_RX_DMA = (uint32_t)(&amp;Data_Buffer[(RingBuffer_Comm.LoadPtr) * DEF_USBD_HS_PACK_SIZE]);
                            RingBuffer_Comm.RemainPack ++;
                            if(RingBuffer_Comm.RemainPack >= DEF_Ring_Buffer_Max_Blks-DEF_RING_BUFFER_REMINE)
                            {
                                USBHSD->UEP1_RX_CTRL = ((USBHSD->UEP1_RX_CTRL) &amp; ~USBHS_UEP_R_RES_MASK) | USBHS_UEP_R_RES_NAK;
                                RingBuffer_Comm.StopFlag = 1;
                            }
                        }
                        break;

端点3收到的数据取反后放到端点4上。

                  /* end-point 3 data out interrupt */
                    case USBHS_UIS_TOKEN_OUT | DEF_UEP3:
                        if ( intst &amp; USBHS_UIS_TOG_OK )
                        {
                            len = (uint16_t)(USBHSD->RX_LEN);
                            USBHSD->UEP3_RX_CTRL ^= USBHS_UEP_R_TOG_DATA1;
                            USBHSD->UEP3_RX_CTRL = ((USBHSD->UEP3_RX_CTRL) &amp; ~USBHS_UEP_R_RES_MASK) | USBHS_UEP_R_RES_NAK;
                            for(i=0; i&lt;len; i++)
                            {
                                USBHS_EP4_Tx_Buf[i] = ~USBHS_EP3_Rx_Buf[i];
                            }
                            USBHSD->UEP4_TX_LEN = len;
                            USBHSD->UEP4_TX_CTRL = (USBHSD->UEP4_TX_CTRL &amp; ~USBHS_UEP_T_RES_MASK) | USBHS_UEP_T_RES_ACK;
                        }
                        break;

类似的端点5收到的数据取反，通过端点6上传

                    /* end-point 5 data out interrupt */
                    case USBHS_UIS_TOKEN_OUT | DEF_UEP5:
                        if ( intst &amp; USBHS_UIS_TOG_OK )
                        {
                            len = (uint16_t)(USBHSD->RX_LEN);
                            USBHSD->UEP5_RX_CTRL ^= USBHS_UEP_R_TOG_DATA1;
                            USBHSD->UEP5_RX_CTRL = ((USBHSD->UEP5_RX_CTRL) &amp; ~USBHS_UEP_R_RES_MASK) | USBHS_UEP_R_RES_NAK;
                            for(i=0; i&lt;len; i++)
                            {
                                USBHS_EP6_Tx_Buf[i] = ~USBHS_EP5_Rx_Buf[i];
                            }
                            USBHSD->UEP6_TX_LEN = len;
                            USBHSD->UEP6_TX_CTRL = (USBHSD->UEP6_TX_CTRL &amp; ~USBHS_UEP_T_RES_MASK) | USBHS_UEP_T_RES_ACK;
                        }
                        break;

从代码上可以看出，Exam中的描述是存在一些问题的。

之后，再编写一个VC 代码，进行速度测试：

代码来自 Ch569 的EVT  Package, 有部分修改：

// 2003.09.08, 2003.12.28
//****************************************
//**  Copyright  (C)  W.ch  1999-2005   **
//**  Web:  http://www.winchiphead.com  **
//****************************************
//**  DLL for USB interface chip CH375  **
//**  C, VC5.0                          **
//****************************************
//
// USB总线接口芯片CH375的数据块测试程序 V1.0
// 南京沁恒电子有限公司  作者: W.ch 2003.12
// CH375-BLK  V1.0
// 运行环境: Windows 98/ME, Windows 2000/XP
// support USB chip: CH372/CH375
//

#include	<windows.h>
#include	<stdlib.h>
#include	<stdio.h>
#include	<conio.h>
#include	<winioctl.h>

#include	"CH375DLL.H"			
#pragma comment(lib,"CH375DLL")
#define		TEST_DATA_LEN		4096
#define		TEST_NUM     		1000
unsigned char	mReadBuf[TEST_DATA_LEN];
unsigned char	mWriteBuf[TEST_DATA_LEN];
//程序入口
void main (int argc,char **argv )
{
	unsigned long mLength, mTestCount, mErrCnt,mArg,mFirstTick,mLastTick;
	long long mTotal=0;
	double          speed;
	USHORT          mCount = 0;
	printf( "\nCH372/CH375 Bulk Data Test Program V1.1 ,   Copyright (C) W.ch 2004.12\n" );
	printf( "test data correctness \n" );
	mArg = TEST_DATA_LEN;

// 需要使用DLL则需要先加载,没有此句则会自动加载
	printf( "*** CH375OpenDevice: 0# \n" );
	if ( CH375OpenDevice( 0 ) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) return;  /* 使用之前必须打开设备 */

	memset(mWriteBuf, 0xFF, sizeof(mWriteBuf));
	
	mErrCnt=0;

	printf( "*** CH375ReadData: 1000 times 4M Byte ***\n" );

	mTotal = 0.0;
	for ( mTestCount=0; mTestCount < TEST_NUM; ++mTestCount )  // 循环测试
	{
		if(mTestCount == 0)
		{
			mFirstTick=GetTickCount();
		}
		mLength = mArg;
		if (CH375WriteEndP(0, 1, mWriteBuf, &mLength))  // 写入成功
		{
			mTotal += mLength;
			if (mLength == 0)
			{
				Sleep(0);  //放弃当前线程的时间片，防止CPU出现100%情况
			}
		}
		else
		{  // 写操作失败
			printf("S1-T%0ld-C%ld CH375WriteEndP return error, length=%d\n", mTestCount, mTestCount, mTotal);
		}

		mLength = mArg;
		if (CH375ReadEndP(0, 1, mReadBuf, &mLength))  // 接收成功
		{
			mTotal += mLength;
			if(mLength == 0 )
			{
				Sleep(0);  //放弃当前线程的时间片，防止CPU出现100%情况
			} 
		}
		else 
		{
			
			printf( "S1-T%0ld-C%ld CH375ReadData return error, length=%d\n", mTestCount, mTestCount, mTotal );
		}


		
	}
	
	mLastTick =GetTickCount();
	mLastTick = mLastTick - mFirstTick;
	speed=1000;
	speed=speed*mTotal/mLastTick;
	printf( "*** average speed = %7.1f MBytes/Sec, total=%lld bytes\n", speed/1000/1000, mTotal);
	
	CH375CloseDevice( 0 );

	printf( "\nExit.\n" );
	_getch();
	
}

完整的源代码和可执行 EXE, 建议有需要的朋友重新编译。

USB3.0TestDemo下载

完整的 Arduino 代码：

CH32X30XCH372HS下载

清醒鼠标

在有些情况下，比如：功耗测试。我们需要让系统一直处于 S0 状态，最好的方法莫过于摇晃鼠标。这次的作品就是一款基于 Dell 廉价鼠标的扩展方案，它每隔10秒摇晃一次鼠标，让你的系统不会休眠。

整体方案设计思路非常简单：鼠标的USB进入CH334 USB HUB 芯片之后，转出来2路USB信号，一路给PAW3515芯片，这是一个鼠标芯片；另外一路给CH552。我们通过编程，让Ch552将自身模拟为鼠标和键盘设备。Ch552键盘设备用于接收主机发过来的键盘LED控制信号；Ch552鼠标设备则是用于模拟鼠标的动作。

电路图如下，左上角是PAW3515鼠标的最小系统，右上角是Ch334 USB Hub芯片的最小系统，下方则是Ch552的最小系统。

PCB 设计如下：


这个的尺寸和戴尔MS116-T 的有线光电鼠标内部的PCB完全相同，用我们的这个PCB替换掉原版即可。焊接之后如下：

编写代码如下：

#ifndef USER_USB_RAM
#error "This example needs to be compiled with a USER USB setting"
#endif

#include "src/userUsbHidKeyboardMouse/USBHIDKeyboardMouse.h"

// 10秒触发一次
#define INTERVAL 10000UL
// 每次动作间隔 20ms
#define ACTION 50

// 触发计时
unsigned long int Elsp = 0;
// 记录当前是否已经触发过
boolean StageAssert[4] = {false, false, false, false};

uint8_t LastLed;
unsigned long LEDAssertElsp = 0;
// 触发状态标志
boolean StartWaken = false;

void setup() {
  USBInit();
  Serial0_begin(115200);
  delay(3000);
  Serial0_println("start");
  LastLed = LedStatus;
}

// 判断是否满足条件
boolean MoveCondition(byte stage) {
  // 条件1. 大于 INTERVAL 给出的时间
  // 条件2. 小于 INTERVAL + (stage + 1)*ACTION 给出的时间
  // 条件3. 之前没有触发过
  if ((millis() - Elsp > INTERVAL + stage * ACTION) &&
      (millis() - Elsp < INTERVAL + (stage + 1)*ACTION) &&
      (StageAssert[stage] == false)) {
    // 标记已经触发过
    StageAssert[stage] = true;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}


void loop() {
  // 如果发生了 LED 切换
  if (LastLed != LedStatus) {
    Serial0_println("B");
    // 如果 1秒内发生了切换
    if (millis() - LEDAssertElsp < 1000) {
      // 触发状态反转
      StartWaken = !StartWaken;
      Serial0_print(StartWaken);
      Serial0_println("C");
      if (StartWaken == false) {
        // 重置
        for (byte i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
          StageAssert[i] = false;
        }
      } else {
        Elsp = millis();
      }
    }
    // 记录切换时间
    LEDAssertElsp = millis();
    LastLed = LedStatus;
    Serial0_println("E");

  }
  if (StartWaken != false) {
    if (MoveCondition(0) == true) {
      // 向右移动
      Mouse_move(100, 0);
    } else   if (MoveCondition(1) == true) {
      // 向下移动
      Mouse_move(0, 100);
    } else   if (MoveCondition(2) == true) {
      // 向左移动
      Mouse_move(-100, 0);
    } else   if (MoveCondition(3) == true) {
      // 向上移动
      Mouse_move(0, -100);
      // 重置
      for (byte i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        StageAssert[i] = false;
      }
      Elsp = millis();
    }
  }
}

对应的功能有一个开关，使用连续按下键盘上的 Caps/NumLock/Scroll 两次即可触发。这里使用到了USB键盘的一个有趣的特性：操作系统会在全部的键盘中进行同步。比如，系统中有3个USB键盘，当你在其中一个键盘按下 Caps 按键之后，操作系统会通知其余两个键盘要求更改 Caps LED。使用USB抓包软件可以看到，下图就是 Windows主机端用于通知 Ch552 键盘要求更改LED的命令，我按下2次，Byte0 是Report ID, Byte1 是键盘LED的状态。

对应的代码在 \Ch552MSWaken\src\userUsbHidKeyboardMouse\USBHIDKeyboardMouse.c ，收到来自 EndPoint 1 的 Out 数据后，会更改   LedStatus 数值，以便主程序进行处理。

void USB_EP1_OUT() {

  //Serial0_println("A");

  LedStatus=Ep1Buffer[1]; //LABZ_Debug

  if (U_TOG_OK) // Discard unsynchronized packets

  {

  }

}

经过改造，你得到的是一个表面上看起来和正经鼠标一摸一样的鼠标，同时它也有着和正经鼠标一摸一样的功能，但是当你触发之后，它会每隔10秒晃动一次。

电路图和PCB 下载


WakenMSSCHPCB下载

完整代码下载

Ch552MSWaken下载

工作的测试视频可以在这里看到

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1zz421m7Xc

一种制作 Memtest86 启动盘的方法

Memtest86 是一个非常优秀的内存测试软件，可以用来测试内存的稳定性。美中不足的是它自带的U盘制作软件存在一些缺陷。

  Memtest86 官方启动盘制作界面

制作完成界面

分区结构

可以看到，对于 64G U盘只使用了最前面的 256MB，后面的完全浪费掉了。

为了避免这种情况，经过研究，可以手工制作 MemTest86 的光盘镜像，然后配合 Ventoy 制作启动盘，在使用时，先启动到 Ventoy ，然后选择启动 MemTest86 的镜像即可。

这样做出来的U盘不会浪费空间，你可以在上面继续放置 Windows 安装文件等等。

当然，这次介绍的方法还是有一定局限性的：因为模拟为光盘，是只读设备，因为无法保存 Log 或者测试结果。如果你有保存结果或者截图的需求，那么还是需要用官方提供的方法。

工作的测试视频

本文提到的 Memtest86 ISO 可以在这里下载：

mt86free下载

NAudio 编写指定播放音频的设备

这个例子实现了在用户指定的设备上播放音频。比如，可以选择从耳机中播放。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

using NAudio;
using NAudio.Wave;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            for (int n = 0; n < WaveOut.DeviceCount; n++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(n + " : " + WaveOut.GetCapabilities(n).ProductName);
            }
            while (true)
            {
                int i = 0;
                do
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Choose device：");
                } while (!int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out i) || i >= WaveOut.DeviceCount || i < 0);

                WaveOutEvent waveOutEvent = new WaveOutEvent();
                waveOutEvent.DeviceNumber = i;

                Console.WriteLine("Play on "+WaveOut.GetCapabilities(i).ProductName);

                using (var audioFileReader = new AudioFileReader(@"c:\temp\1990.mp3"))
                {
                    // Play mp3 in the device
                    waveOutEvent.Init(audioFileReader);
                    waveOutEvent.Play();

                    // Wait until the end
                    while (waveOutEvent.PlaybackState == PlaybackState.Playing)
                    {
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

NAudio 枚举音频输入输出设备

使用 VS2019 C#，安装 NAudio库后在  Console 下面枚举 Audio Input 和 Output 的代码：

完整代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

using NAudio;
using NAudio.CoreAudioApi;
using MMDevice = NAudio.CoreAudioApi.MMDevice;
using MMDeviceEnumerator = NAudio.CoreAudioApi.MMDeviceEnumerator;

using NAudio.Wave;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //定义一个 dataFlow对象
            MMDeviceEnumerator enumerator = new MMDeviceEnumerator();

            IEnumerable<MMDevice> playBackList;
            //获取声音输出设备
            playBackList = enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Render, NAudio.CoreAudioApi.DeviceState.Active).ToArray();

            Console.WriteLine("Output device list:");
            foreach (var ad in playBackList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("   "+ad.FriendlyName.ToString());
            }

            IEnumerable < MMDevice > captureList;
            captureList = enumerator.EnumerateAudioEndPoints(DataFlow.Capture, NAudio.CoreAudioApi.DeviceState.Active).ToArray();;
            Console.WriteLine("Input device list:");
            foreach (var ad in captureList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("   " + ad.FriendlyName.ToString());
            }

            // 更简单的方法
for (int n = 0; n < WaveOut.DeviceCount; n++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(n + " : " + WaveOut.GetCapabilities(n).ProductName);
            }
            for (int n = 0; n < WaveIn.DeviceCount; n++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(n + " : " + WaveIn.GetCapabilities(n).ProductName);
            }


            Console.ReadLine();

        }
    }
}

运行结果：

在系统中直接查看：

参考：

  1. https://blog.csdn.net/u011465910/article/details/127859286   C# Audio全自动化测试——1. 枚举Audio设备
  2. https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/information/%E5%9C%A8%E6%B7%BB%E5%8A%A0%2F%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%E5%90%8E%EF%BC%8C%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%9C%A8NAudio%E4%B8%AD%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E6%AD%A3%E7%A1%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%A3%B0%E9%9F%B3%E8%BE%93%E5%87%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%A4%87%EF%BC%9F 在添加/删除声音设备后，如何在NAudio中选择正确的声音输出设备？
  3. https://blog.csdn.net/LiChangGG/article/details/100132901

ESP32Sx USB Host 发送数据

第一步，使用 usb_host_transfer_alloc（） 函数创建准备数据的结构体，函数原型如下：

esp_err_tusb_host_transfer_alloc(size_t data_buffer_size, int num_isoc_packets, usb_transfer_t **transfer)

第一个参数是数据大小；第二个是 ISO 数据包的个数，如果不用音频视频这里为0；第三个是数据结构体。

第二步，填写usb_transfer_t对应的结构体；

第三步，发送。可以使用 usb_host_transfer_submit_control 和 usb_host_transfer_submit。

需要特别注意的是，如果你使用 usb_host_transfer_submit_control 发送 Setup数据，那么它的 Size计算上比较特别。例如，我要发送下面 05 83 00 00 00 00 作为有效数据，那么 esp_err_tusb_host_transfer_alloc给的size_t 参数必须是 8+6，而发送的缓冲区中是 21 09 05 03 01 00 06 00 05 83 00 00 00 00。

此外，如果使用 usb_host_transfer_submit（这个功能是对非0的端点发送数据），esp_err_tusb_host_transfer_alloc就无需考虑这么多，要发送多少直接作为参数即可。

参考：

1. https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/zh_CN/v5.1/esp32s3/api-reference/peripherals/usb_host.html

Step to UEFI (293）DSDT 是如何打包到 UEFI 中的

UEFI 中的 AML 文件是如何打包的

以OvmfPkg 中的 Bhyve 为研究对象，编译命令：

build -a X64 -p OvmfPkg\Bhyve\BhyveX64.dsc -t VS2019

在\OvmfPkg\Bhyve\AcpiTables\ 目录下我们能看到 DSDT.ASL 这样的文件。对应的，在 \Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\X64\OvmfPkg\Bhyve\AcpiTables\AcpiTables\Makefile 中可以看到编译方法。首先是从 asl生成 aml, 然后是使用 GenSec 成成 RAW 的 SECTION

if exist $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Dsdt.aml GenSec -s EFI_SECTION_RAW -o c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC2.1.raw $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Dsdt.aml

例如：

7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.2.raw : $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Facs.acpi
7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.3.raw : $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Hpet.acpi
7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.4.raw : $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Madt.acpi
7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.5.raw : $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Mcfg.acpi
7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.6.raw : $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Spcr.acpi
7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC2.1.raw $(OUTPUT_DIR)\Dsdt.aml

最终使用 GenFFs 把他们打包到一个  FFS 中

	GenFfs -t EFI_FV_FILETYPE_FREEFORM -g 7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CD -o c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CD.ffs -oi c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.1.raw -oi c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.2.raw -oi c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.3.raw -oi c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.4.raw -oi c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.5.raw -oi c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.6.raw -oi c:\buildbs\edk2202302\edk2\Build\BhyveX64\DEBUG_VS2019\FV\Ffs\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDPlatformAcpiTables\7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC2.1.raw

3.2.3.1. EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER

Summary

Each file begins with a header that describes the state and contents of the file. The header is 8-byte aligned with respect to the beginning of the firmware volume.

Prototype

typedef struct {
  EFI_GUID                 Name;
  EFI_FFS_INTEGRITY_CHECK  IntegrityCheck; //UINT16
  EFI_FV_FILETYPE          Type;           //UINT8
  EFI_FFS_FILE_ATTRIBUTES  Attributes;     //UINT8
  UINT8                    Size[3];
  EFI_FFS_FILE_STATE       State;          //UINT8
} EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER;

typedef struct {
  EFI_GUID                 Name;
  EFI_FFS_INTEGRITY_CHECK  IntegrityCheck;
  EFI_FV_FILETYPE          Type;
  EFI_FFS_FILE_ATTRIBUTES  Attributes;
  UINT8                    Size[3];
  EFI_FFS_FILE_STATE       State;
  UINT64                   ExtendedSize;
} EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER2;

上述的区别在于“EFI_FIRMWARE_FILE_SYSTEM3_GUID indicates support for FFS_ATTRIB_LARGE_SIZE and thus support for files 16MB or larger. EFI_FIRMWARE_FILE_SYSTEM2_GUID volume does not contain large files. Files 16 MB or larger use a EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER2 and smaller files use EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER.EFI_FIRMWARE_FILE_SYSTEM2_GUID allows backward compatibility with previous versions of this specification”，这里因为文件小，肯定是EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER。

其中 0x1B92=7058 就是这个FFS 文件的大小。接下来的就是一个 Section 的内容了。

typedef struct {
  UINT8                    Size[3];
  EFI_SECTION_TYPE         Type;
} EFI_COMMON_SECTION_HEADER;

typedef struct {
  UINT8                    Size[3];
  EFI_SECTION_TYPE         Type;
  UINT32                   ExtendedSize;
} EFI_COMMON_SECTION_HEADER2;

从内容上来说，就是7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CDSEC1.1.raw 这个文件的内容：

有了上述的分析，这里编写一个从 FFS 解析 AML 的工具。使用 VC 编写，VS2019 编译通过

#include <windows.h>  
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <stdio.h> 
#include <string.h> 

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

#pragma pack(1)
//
// Basical data type definitions introduced in UEFI.
//
typedef struct {
    UINT32  Data1;
    UINT16  Data2;
    UINT16  Data3;
    UINT8   Data4[8];
} EFI_GUID;

//
// Used to verify the integrity of the file.
//
typedef union {
    struct {
        UINT8   Header;
        UINT8   File;
    } Checksum;
    UINT16    Checksum16;
} EFI_FFS_INTEGRITY_CHECK;

typedef UINT8 EFI_FV_FILETYPE;
typedef UINT8 EFI_FFS_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
typedef UINT8 EFI_FFS_FILE_STATE;

typedef struct {
    EFI_GUID                 Name;
    EFI_FFS_INTEGRITY_CHECK  IntegrityCheck; //UINT16
    EFI_FV_FILETYPE          Type;           //UINT8
    EFI_FFS_FILE_ATTRIBUTES  Attributes;     //UINT8
    UINT8                    Size[3];
    EFI_FFS_FILE_STATE       State;          //UINT8
} EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER;

typedef UINT8 EFI_SECTION_TYPE;

typedef struct {
    UINT8                    Size[3];
    EFI_SECTION_TYPE         Type;
} EFI_COMMON_SECTION_HEADER;


#pragma pack()

void SaveBufferToFile(UINT8 Index, char* p, UINT16 Len) {
    FILE* SaveTo;
    char NumBuf[20];
    sprintf(NumBuf, "%d.rom",Index);
    SaveTo=fopen(NumBuf, "wb");
    fwrite(p,1,Len, SaveTo);
    fclose(SaveTo);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    if (argc != 2) {
        printf("Please input the FFS name\n");
        return 1;
    }

    FILE* file;
    char* buffer;
    long fileLen;

    // 打开文件
    file = fopen(argv[1], "rb");  // 以二进制模式读取文件
    if (!file) {
        printf("Unable to open file %s\n", argv[1]);
        return 2;
    }

    // 获取文件大小
    fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);  // 移动到文件末尾
    fileLen = ftell(file);     // 当前位置即文件大小
    fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);  // 移动回文件开头
    printf("%s file size is %d\n", argv[1], fileLen);

    // 分配内存
    buffer = (char*)malloc(fileLen);
    if (!buffer) {
        printf("Memory allocation failed\n");
        fclose(file);
        return 3;
    }

    // 读取文件内容到内存
    fread(buffer, fileLen, 1, file);
    fclose(file);  // 关闭文件

    char* pFile= &buffer[sizeof(EFI_FFS_FILE_HEADER)];
    EFI_COMMON_SECTION_HEADER* pSection;
    UINT8 Index = 0;

    while (pFile - buffer<fileLen) {
        pSection = (EFI_COMMON_SECTION_HEADER*) pFile;
        // 输出起始位置，长度
        printf("Section start at %x %x\n", 
            pFile- buffer,
            (pSection->Size[0])+ (pSection->Size[1]<<8)+(pSection->Size[2]<<16));
        // 这里我们要保存去掉头的 Section
        SaveBufferToFile(Index, &buffer[pFile - buffer]+4, (pSection->Size[0]) + (pSection->Size[1] << 8) + (pSection->Size[2] << 16)-4);
        Index++;
        if ((pFile - buffer + (pSection->Size[0]) + (pSection->Size[1] << 8) + (pSection->Size[2] << 16)) % 4 != 0) {
            pFile = &buffer[((pFile - buffer + (pSection->Size[0]) + (pSection->Size[1] << 8) + (pSection->Size[2] << 16))/4+1)*4];
        }
        else {
            pFile = &buffer[pFile - buffer + (pSection->Size[0]) + (pSection->Size[1] << 8) + (pSection->Size[2] << 16)];
        }
        
    }

    return 0;
}

例如，使用这个工具分解 QEMU中Bhyve 的7E374E25-8E01-4FEE-87F2-390C23C606CD.ffs：

可以生成 0.rom-6.rom，就是打包起来的 AML 文件：

本文提到的可执行程序源代码：

FFS2SECTION下载

本文提到的编译后的EXE 和FFS文件：

ffs2sections下载

参考：

  1. https://uefi.org/specs/PI/1.8/V3_Code_Definitions.html#firmware-file

Arduino on Ch32V305

这篇介绍如何使用 Arduino 在Ch32V305上编写代码，不过需要明确的一点是：目前对于Ch32V30X系列 Arduino 支持还并不完善，在使用时会遇到各种各样的问题。

项目地址在  https://github.com/openwch/arduino_core_ch32 。

首先，将这个项目加入到”Additional Boards Managers URLs” 中：

接下来在 Board Manger 中搜索安装这个板子：

之后就可以进行使用了。

原始的库并不支持 USB 设备，这里需要我们直接编程：

#include "src\\userUsbKB\\ch32v30x_usbhs_device.h"
#include "src\\userUsbKB\\usbd_composite_km.h"

uint8_t  KeyPress[8] = {0x08, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
uint8_t  KeyRelease[8] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Start");
  pinMode(D18, INPUT_PULLUP);
  /* Initialize system configuration */
  SystemCoreClockUpdate( );
  NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig( NVIC_PriorityGroup_2 );
  //Delay_Init( );

  /* Initialize USBHS interface to communicate with the host  */
  USBHS_RCC_Init( );
  USBHS_Device_Init( ENABLE );
  USB_Sleep_Wakeup_CFG( );
}

unsigned long PressElsp = 0;
unsigned long ReleaseElsp = 0;

void loop() {
  if ( USBHS_DevEnumStatus )
  {

    /* Handle keyboard lighting */
    KB_LED_Handle( );

    if ((digitalRead(D18) == LOW) && (PressElsp == 0) &&(millis()-ReleaseElsp>100)) {
      USBHS_Endp_DataUp( DEF_UEP1, KeyPress, sizeof( KeyPress ), DEF_UEP_CPY_LOAD );
      PressElsp = millis();
      Serial.println("a");
    }

    if ((PressElsp != 0) && (millis() - PressElsp > 1000)) {
      USBHS_Endp_DataUp( DEF_UEP1, KeyRelease, sizeof( KeyRelease ), DEF_UEP_CPY_LOAD );
      PressElsp = 0;
      ReleaseElsp=millis();
      Serial.println("b");
    }
  }
}

关键的代码如下，简单的说就是如果D18 触发，那么就发送键盘数据给PC，相当于按下了 Win键；1秒之后，再发送全为0的数据包，这个相当于发送抬起信息：

    if ((digitalRead(D18) == LOW) && (PressElsp == 0) &&(millis()-ReleaseElsp>100)) {
      USBHS_Endp_DataUp( DEF_UEP1, KeyPress, sizeof( KeyPress ), DEF_UEP_CPY_LOAD );
      PressElsp = millis();
      Serial.println("a");
    }

    if ((PressElsp != 0) && (millis() - PressElsp > 1000)) {
      USBHS_Endp_DataUp( DEF_UEP1, KeyRelease, sizeof( KeyRelease ), DEF_UEP_CPY_LOAD );
      PressElsp = 0;
      ReleaseElsp=millis();
      Serial.println("b");
}

有兴趣的朋友不妨尝试一下这个芯片，主要的优点是：速度足够快（最高 144Mhz），资源比较多（128KB Flash，32K 内存），体积小（TSSOP20封装），内置了USB High Speed （真 2.0）。目前的缺点是 Arduino开发环境并不完善，很多需要自己摸索。